ENTM 340 Insect Pests of Trees Turf and Ornamentals�

C. Sadof� Purdue University

 

 

Laboratory 7.� Scale insects and their relatives

 

1. Complete this table (Yes/No) to distinguish between groups of scales and their relatives.

 

Exposed��� Waxy shell�� Honeydew����������� Phloem��� Winged ����������� Mobile after

����������� ����������� Body��������� over body�������� �� producer����������� feeder�� ���� Male���������� first molt

Armored scale

 

Soft Scale

 

Mealybug

 

Pit scale

 

Kermes scale

 

 

2. Examine one of the armored and soft scale specimens that contain parasitized scales.� Draw a parasitized scale and one that has not been parasitized?�� Can you find any that have been chewed by predators?�� How can you tell?

 

 

3. When learning the armored scales, it helps to group them by the host they feed on, the shape of the waxy covering, the position of the early instar exuvia on� the waxy cover.� Please answer the following questions for each of these armored scales:

Euonymus scale, Hemlock scale, Juniper scale, Obscure Scale, Oystershell scale, Pine needle scale, San Jose Scale, Scurfy scale, Winged Euonymus scale

 

Which scales feed on conifers?����������

 

 

Which scales have their primary host in their common name?

 

 

 

What are the hosts of those scales that do not have their primary host in their common name? (List scales and host)

 

 

 

 

 

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Which scales have light covers, and which scales have dark covers?

Light���������������� ����������������������� ����������� Dark

 

 

 

 

 

 

Which scales are elongate?

 

 

 

 

Which scales are rounded, and of these what is the color of the first instar exuvia and is it centered, or off centered.?

 

 

 

 

 

 

4.�� When learning the soft, kermes, and bark scales, it also helps to learn their hosts, shape and color.� Please answer these questions for the following scales:

 

Tuliptree scale, Striped pine scale, Cottony maple scale, Magnolia scale, Fletcher�s scale, Pine Tortoise scale, Oak kermes, European elm scale

 

Which scales feed on conifers?����������

 

 

Which scales have their primary host in their common name?

 

 

 

What are the hosts of those scales that do not have their primary host in their common name? (List scales and host)

 

 

 

 

 

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Which scales have a white cottony egg mass, a wax fringe, are dusted white, or are shiny :

Cottony����������� ����������� Wax fringe��� ������ Dusted White�� ����������� Shiny��� ����������������������� �����������

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Examine live specimens in class and dissect them to complete this table:

 

Scale species��� ����������� Life stages beneath cover��� Color of scale body� ����������� Parasites/

����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Predators

�������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������Present?

 

 

Pine needle scale����

 

 

 

Euonymus scale

 

 

 

Oystershell scale

 

 

 

Tuliptree scale�

 

 

Maple mealybug