Laboratory Exercise 5.� Producers of honeydew, spittle, unsightly wax, or insect remains

����������� Part I.- Scales and Their Relatives.

 

ENTM 307E�������� Name _______________________________________

 

A. Basic Concepts:

 

 

1. What characteristics of scales and their relatives unify this group?

 

a.

 

b.

 

 

2.� Diagram the basic life cycle of an insect in this group

 

 

 

 

 

eggs���������������� crawlers���������� settler�������������� immature��������������������� adult female

 

 

 

 

 

 

����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� adult male��������������������������������������������

 

 

2. Complete this table (Yes/No) to distinguish between groups of scales and their relatives.

Exposed��� Waxy shell�� Honeydew������ Phloem��� Winged ������� Mobile after

����������������������� Body��������� over body� �� producer������ feeder�� ���� Male���������� first molt

Armored scale

 

Soft Scale

 

Mealybug

 

Pit scale

 

Kermes scale

 

 

3. How do each of these factors help predators and parasitoids control this group of insects?

 

Immobility

 

 

Aggregation

 

 

Honeydew

 

 

 

 

4. Why is this group of insects difficult to control with many contact insecticides?

 

 

 

 

5. Why are some members of this group difficult to control with some systemic insecticides?

 

 

 

 

 

6. Complete this table (Yes/No) to distinguish between how groups of scales and their relatives are controlled.

�

Dormant��� ������ Crawler Spray�� Crawler Spray����� Soil Appl.

Applied Oil������ Oil������������������� Conventional�� ������ Systemic

Armored scale

 

Soft Scale

 

Mealybug

 

Pit scale

 

Kermes scale.

 

 

 

 

7. How does the overwintering stage of scale affect the killing power of dormant oil applied scales?

 

 

 

8. Why does pesticide mobility alter susceptibility of armored scales to soil applied systemics.

 

 

 

 

9. �Describe a "conservation first" strategy for managing this group of pests.

 

 

����� 10.� Refer to table 1 (pages 54-56) and list scales that will be killed by dormant oil.

 

 

 

 

 

B. Live Specimens �...

 

1. Euonymus scale.

What visible symptoms do you see on the plant.

 

 

 

 

 

What signs do you see on the plant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dissect a female and indicate what you see beneath the cover.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Oystershell scale

What visible symptoms do you see on the plant.

 

 

 

 

 

What signs do you see on the plant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dissect a female and indicate what you see beneath the cover.

 

 

 

 

 

C.� Dead specimens

DRAW each of the following specimens on the host plant sample provided, AND IDENTIFY IF IT IS A SOFT SCALE OR AND ARMORED SCALE.

 

 

 

 

Tuliptree� Scale ���������������������������������� ����������� Fletcher's Scale

 

 

 

 

 

cottony maple scale����������������������������������������� European Fruit Tree Lecanium Scale

 

 

 

 

 

pine tortoise scale�������������������������������������������� pine needle scale

 

 

 

 

San Jose Scale������������������������������������������������ Hemispherical scale (greenhouse pest)

 

 

 

 

�����������������������������������������������